Carbureter.



ORSON G. BU-RCH, 0F GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

' CARBURETER.

,Specification o1' Letters Patent.

Application tiled .Tune 7, 1915. Serial No. 32,797.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ORSON G. Buizen, a citizen of the United States, residin at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State of Michi an, have invented certain new and usefu Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification. l

My invention relates `to improvements in fuel injetors for use in internal combustion engines, and its objects are: first, to provide an injector with which heavy hydrocarbons, as kerosene oil, may utilized for fuel in such engines; second, to provide a the feeding of the fuel into the cylinder is automatic and positive, and, third, to provide a means whereby the fuel is reduced to a aseous state by contact with a heated sur ace before entering positively into the combustion chamber proper. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which` Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the injector on the line m of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the injector body showing how it is connected with theengine cylinder head; Fig. 3 is an elevation of the injector plunger or inner piston showing its connection with the outer piston, which lat` ter is shown in longitudinal section; Fig.- 4 is an elevation of the generator disconnected from the injector; Fig. 5 is an elevation of the injector tube; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the lower end of the injector showing a means whereby a spraying valve may be connected therewith.

Like characters refer .to similar parts throughout the several views.

In the construction of this injector I provide a cylindrical body 1 which is provided with an internal shoulder a for the support of the plunger collar 34 near the upper end of the plunger 2, so that when the cap 3 is secured firmly in place on the upper end of the bodyll, thc plunger 2 will be held rigidly in place, substantially as indicated in Fig. 1. The plunger 2 is provided with a channel 20'Itl1rough which the fuel, as kerosene oil, gasolene, naphtha and kindred substances is drawn into the chamber 25,

formed in the body of the piston 5 between the lower end of the plunger and the screen 27, or the valve seat or partition 8. The plunger 2 has an opening 2 in the shoulder 34 for the reception and support of the valve jacket 11 so that fuel drawn through the channels 15- and 20 into the chamber 25 will be held against Howing back out of the chamber 25 by means of the check valve 14. 12 represents a cap for the jacket 11, and 13 is a spring for holding the Valve 14 u on its seat, to prevent the back flow of the uel after it as entered the chamber 25 and before pressure has been produced in this chamber.

The flow of fuel through the channel 20 is governed by a needle valve 21, which is screwed into the channel from the top, by placing the needle valve in any desired position from, and `above that shown by its solid lines in Fig. 1, as indicated by the dotted lines above the head of the valve stem.

he capacity of the chamber 25 should be several times greater than necessary to hold the fuel required to drive the engine, and the remaining space therein should be filled with air 'which may pass in through the opening 17, the chamber 16 and the down to its normal position on the shoulder d.

The outer piston is made up with a large portion 5, which is designed to fill the entire diameter of the cylindrical body 1 at its largest portion, and it is provided with rings 23 to prevent the passage of air or gases when ressure is exercised upon the piston 5. T e upper end of the' piston is made smaller than the smaller diameter of the body 1, as shown at 5. and u spiral spring 10 is inserted around it for the purpose of holding the piston in its normal position with the lower end resting upon the end of the generator 7, as at d. his portion of the piston is made to fit closely around the plunger 2, and said plunger is to form as nearly a gas tightjoint between them as possible. l A

valve seat 8 is placed in the lower end of the pistou 2,1.and then an injector tube 6, 6', is screwed into the end of the piston against Patented Dec. 19, 1916.

' 27 immediately abovethe the valve seat with a valve 8 in position to be forced against the seat by a spring, as 9, so the valve 8 is normally closed against the passage through the injector tube 6, 6. I

lace a valve 26 at the low end of the in- ]ector tube 6, 6 and support it with a rod 32 which is provided with a coiled spring, or other available elastic appliance as shown at 32 so the valve may be readily forced away from its seat at the end of the tube, the wire 32 is secured at one end to the valve `and at the other end to any available form of anchorage, as the pin so that normally the valve wi be held firmly a ainst the lower end of the tube 6', but w ien pressure is created in the chamber 25 the valve 8 will be forced open and the valve 26 will be forced from the end of the tube 6 far enough to form a very fine radiating spray of the fuel as it is being forced from the chamber 25 into the atomizer 7 to be generated into a gas.

The generator consists of a body, 7, having a screw` thread at the upper end, designed to be screwed into the lower end of the cylindrical body 1 and through the cylinder head 31, as indicated at 35. The lower end of this generator is made irregular, as indicated at 7', to provide large heating area, and is provided with numerous small apertures, as 29 29, through which the gasified fuel is made to pass and become mixe with air as it passes into'the compression chamber in the upper end of the engine cylinder to form an explosive mixture in the cylinder, in the usual manner of producing such a mixture in this class of engines. is

enerator is also provided with large openings, as 30, near its conjunction with the surface of the cylinder head 31 for the free assage of air mixed fuel from the generating chamber into the cylinder when compression takes lace in the engine cylinder.

I find that this appliance works much better if the fuel is strained before passing from the compression chamber 25 into the tube 6', and for this purpose I lace a strainer or percolator consisting, pre erably, of a washer 28 laced immediately above the valve seat 8 with a very fine screen or filter washer, and all properly secured in place, substantially as shown in Fi 3, so thatall foul matter that may be in te fuel will be held from passing into the generator, or becoming lodged on the valve seat and rendering the valve inoperative.

4, in Figs. 1 and 2, represents a packln box cap that1 is screwed onto the upper en of the plunger 2 to prevent the escape of fuel or gas around the needle valve stem 21, and e re resents the packing material.

In action, when compressionis created in 'the upper end of an engine cylinder by the -from the bottom upward stroke of the engine piston, common in all internal combustion engines, the pressure actin on the lower end of the piston 5 forces said piston upward, as indicated by its dotted lines in Figs. l and 3. This movement diminishes the area of the chamber 25 to such an extent that practically all of its contents is forced valve 11i prevents its passa e by this route, and the immediate closing c the passageway 19 prevents passage therethrough, the fuel forces thevalve 8 open and passes into the tube 6 and thence out over the valve 26 in the form of a very fine spray into the heated atomizer and thence into the engine cylinder in the form of a very inilammable and explosive gas, and as the tube 6 follows the piston in its upward movement the discharge of fuel from the tube 6 is continuous to the top of the part 7 of the atomizer. When the piston is at its highest point the shoulders b and c are in contact and form a practically gas tight bint.

It will be readily understood that when pressure is removed from the lower end of the piston 5 the reaction of the spring 10 will force the piston back to normal position and its downward movement will cause a renewed supply of fuel to flow throu h the opening of t e valve 14 into the cham er 25 which will, at the same time, receive air through the passageways 17, 18 and 19.

To positively insure the passage of air from the passage 18 to the air passage 19, and to form an area of low pressure to receive and retain the fuel and gases that may leak past the plunger 2, I form a roove 22 entirely around the plunger 2 adgpicent to the passage 22' that connects the passa es 18 and 19, so that it is always open to t e atmosphere and provides a means for returning any leakage to the chamber 25 when the piston is forced to its normal position in the cylindrical body 1. 1

When the piston 5 has been forced u ward to position Where the shoulders b an c are in contact it is held in place until combustion has taken place in the engine cylinder and the'burned gases have been properly exhausted so that all pressure is remove from the lower end of the piston, piston is again forced downward b spring 10, as hereinl'iefore describe with the ei'ect hereinbefore stated.

It will be readily understood that arrangements ma be made for actuating the piston 5 mechanically or by other means than the compression in the engine cylinder; hence I do not desire to restrict myself to compression in the compression end of the engine cylinder as the only means of actuating said iston and forcing fuel into. the engine cylinder against the compression in the cyllnout of it, and as the` inder upon the compression stroke of the piston.

W'hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engines, a cylindrical body, a fixed plunger secured in said body, a vertically movable pis ton mounted in the lower end of the body and arranged to receive the lower end of the plunger, and form a fuel chamber inside the piston below the end of the plunger, the piston so arranged that pressure upon its lower end will force the piston to slide upward, a spring for forcing the piston downward, the plunger having a channel formed therein for the passage of fuel from a source of supply into the chamber in the piston, and with a separate channel for the passage of air into the same chamber independent of the inflowing fuel, and check valves arranged to govern the flow of fuel into said chamber, the pressure therein and the flow of fuel out of said chamber into the engine cylinder.

2. ln a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engines, a cylindrical body, a piston slidably mounted in thel lower end of the body and having a central longitudinal opening from the top downward, a plun er firmly mounted in the upper end of tIie body with its lower end projecting into the central opening in the piston, and forming a fuel chamber in the piston, a needle valve and a check valve arranged to govern the-How of fuel into the fuel chamber inthe piston, the plunger provided with a fuel channel and a separate air channel leading to the fuel chamber, the air channel arranged to be` cut off by a slight movement upward of the piston, an atomiaer secured in the lower end of the body, a discharge tube secured in the lower end of the pist-on, a cheek valvebetween the tube and the piston, a spray valve at the lower end of the tube, a spring support for holding this valve normally against the end of the tube.

3. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engine-s` a cylindrical body, a plunger firmly secured in said body, a piston below and surrounding said plun er in such a manner as to form a fuel cham er in the piston below the plunger, the piston arranged to be made to reciprocate vertically in the body, a spring for forcingthe piston downward in the body, a chamber and check valve at one side of the body, the plunger and valve chamber having channels for the passage of fuel to the fuel chamber in thepiston, the body, plunger and piston having a channel for the passage of air into the fuel chamber in the piston, so arranged that a slight upward movement of the piston will cut off the flow ol' air through said channel into the chamber, an atomizer secured to vthe lower end of the body perforated and having shelving projections thereon, a tube secured to the lower end of the piston and extending to the lower end of the atomizer and arranged to be drawn upward with the piston as the piston is forced upward, a check valve in the upper end of the tube, a spraying valve in the lower end of the tube, means for holding said valves in normal position, and a needle valve in the lunger for opening and closing the channe to the fuel chamber.

4. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engines, a cylindrical body, a plunger centrally located in the body, a piston in the lower end of the body actuated to slide upward by expansive force against the lower end thereof, an atomizer connected with the cylindrical body, and means for forcing fuel from a source of supply through one channel, and an air supply through a second channel into the piston and thereinto the atomizer by the reciprocal movement of the piston.

5. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon en` gines, a cylindrical fue] injector body, a plunger secured in said body and having a fuel channel `through it lon itudinally, a hollow piston mounted aroun the plunger to reciprocate automatically in the body, the plunger and the piston having registering longitudinal air passages arranged to admit air into the piston at the extreme point of its downward stroke, the plunger also having an air passage around it arranged to register with its longitudinal air passage, and valves arranged in the injector for properly distributing the fuel and air.

6. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engines, a cylindrical body, an atomizer secured to the end of said body and arranged to be secured to and pass through the head of the engine cylinder, a reciprocating piston and a stationary plunger centrally mounted in the body, to reciprocate with the piston and extending through the atomizer,.all so arranged that the reciprocating movement of the piston will force the fuel from a source of snpply through the piston and the igniting tube into the atomizer as the ignitor tube moves from one end of the atomizer to the other.

7. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon engines, an injector body outside of the engine cylinder, an atomizer connected with the body and extending inside the engine cylinder, a reciprocating piston and an ignitor tube in the injector, and means connected therewith for taking fuel from a source of supply and forcing it in a very line radiating spray from end to end of the atomizer.

8. In a fuel injector for hydrocarbon enan ignitor tube secured gines, a, cylindrical injector body, a hollow into the piston at the extreme of the outpiston in said body, a plun er mounted in Ward stroke of the plunger and piston, the the body in position to admit of reciprocal injector having n fuel channel through it 1o movement to cause the plunger to pass the into the hollow of the piston.

5 full length of the hollow of the piston, said Signed ut Grund Rapids, Michigan, June piston and plunger having registering lon- 1, 1915. gtudinal air channels arranged to admit air ORSON G. BUCH. 

